Selasa, 30 Juni 2015

^ Ebook Free The RAF Pathfinders: Bomber Command's Elite Squadron (Aviation), by Martyn Chorlton

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The RAF Pathfinders: Bomber Command's Elite Squadron (Aviation), by Martyn Chorlton

The formation of the Pathfinder Force in August 1942 produced a steady but certain change in the fortunes of Bomber Command. During the early years of the war, aerial photographs showed that less than one third of the aircraft were successfully placing their bombs with accuracy. There was a basic lack of navigational skills, as well as what came to be known in the RAF as the will to 'Press On'. These shortcomings were addressed, and the special force of elite aircrew, the Pathfinder squadrons, whose purpose was to locate targets and mark them, proved indispensible to the success of the RAF’s overall bombing campaign. Led by the inspirational and imaginative Don Bennett, Pathfinders were equipped with the best available aircraft, which included the famous Lancaster bomber and later, increasingly, the Mosquito. To join a Pathfinder squadron (all crewmen were volunteers) was a rare privilege but with it went a huge leap in the likelihood of being shot down. Pathfinder aircraft led the way for their following bomber force in hazardous raid after raid. They were highly vulnerable to the wall of flak thrown up by German city defenders, as well as to attacks by night-fighters; and it took a full 25 minutes to run the gauntlet of the Berlin defences from end to end at full stretch. By the end of the war, some 56,000 crewmen of Bomber Command had lost their lives. Martyn Chorlton has written a gripping account of the RAF’s Pathfinder squadrons, recalling the often reckless heroism of the young aircrew and the challenges they faced in the smoke-filled skies over occupied Europe. His book also contains a moving foreword by Michael Wadsworth, chaplain to the Pathfinders Association.

  • Sales Rank: #1843890 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-11-15
  • Released on: 2012-11-06
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Martyn Chorlton completed many years of military tours before beginning to write. Martyn has 15 published books under his own name and is a regular contributor to "Aeroplane Monthly" and editor of the Kelsey ICONS, Archive and Company profile series.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Read Appendices First
By Deeply Shallow
I have plowed through this work, on my kindle, and I am disappointed, frustrated, and bored. Those not well versed in the WWII RAF Pathfinder gizmos and techniques are well advised to read the appendices first (and better advised to find another book). In the main body names of gizmos (e.g., OBOE, H2S, GEE ) appear often, but without elaboration, and the same for techniques, such as, "Newhaven Attack." What's that? If you don't know, then read the appendices first. The main body is a spreadsheet rendered into prose. In chronologic order, raid after raid is sketched in a few sentences each: target city, numbers and types of aircraft, gizmo(s) used, degree of success, tail numbers of ships lost. Then on to the next raid, in mind-numbing sameness. There is little on RAF politics, and very little on German defenses. The wordsmithing ranges from indifferent to poor, in my opinion. As many of us keep saying, "Spell Check is Not Enough!" As an aviation enthusiast (my friends say, `nut') I am reluctant to pan totally anything to do with flying. So, if you are already thoroughly versed in the topic, perhaps you will appreciate this work as some sort of cryptic, corporate diary. Some of the photos seem worthwhile, and the appendices include concise character sketches of various aircraft, including German night fighters. But for the uninitiated, like me, your money is probably better spent elsewhere.

0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A very interesting book,my father was a Wing Commander in the Pathfinder 635 squadron
By michael cousens
Compared with other books this one contains more details,very proud to see my fathers picture in the book .For your information I have several videos about the Pathfonders

See all 2 customer reviews...

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Senin, 29 Juni 2015

## Download PDF 60 Crocheted Snowflakes (Dover Knitting, Crochet, Tatting, Lace), by Barbara Christopher

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60 Crocheted Snowflakes (Dover Knitting, Crochet, Tatting, Lace), by Barbara Christopher

Few objects evoke the spirit of Christmas and a holiday atmosphere more effectively than light and airy snowflakes. Now, with this unusually extensive and comprehensive collection of patterns, crocheters can add exquisitely shaped "snow gems" to their treasure chest of festive ornaments.
Delicate snowflake patterns, infinite in form and amazingly symmetrical, are among the most popular designs with today's needleworkers. The 60 motifs in this collection, based on photographs of actual snowflakes from the book Snow Crystals by W. A. Bentley and W. L. J. Humphreys, include simple shapes for beginners, as well as intricate and challenging motifs for the more advanced. Eye-catching patterns include star-shaped wheels, exotic flower-like webs, six-side jewels of intricately worked threads, and a kaleidoscope of lacy arms and elaborate fern-like compositions.
Ideal for decorating Christmas trees, windows, and packages, or for framing, the snowflake patterns included here come with complete directions and finely detailed illustrations; and unlike nature's fragile, short-lived crystals, these inexpensive ornaments will be a joy to behold for years to come.

  • Sales Rank: #685525 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-03-08
  • Released on: 2012-03-08
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Most helpful customer reviews

20 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Great snowflakes!
By Andrea Mantler
I love these snowflakes! This is the first time I've crocheted with thread and a steel hook... before that, the finest yarn I had used was sock yarn. I've done two snowflakes so far, and they've both come out great. Each was using #10 thread with a #7 hook, and took 1-2 hours to make while watching TV. I think I'll stick to this thread and hook, even though other patterns call for #20 or #30 thread... I'm not sure I could manage with thread that thin. Barbara describes how to starch the snowflakes, but mine seem stiff enough that I think I'll skip that step. I'm not sure if there are mistakes in the instructions, or if I just don't understand some of the steps, but it doesn't seem to matter. So far my guesses seem to produce beautiful results, even if they might not be exactly what the author intended. Guess what everyone is getting for Christmas this year... assuming I can bear to part with the snowflakes!

9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
exactly what one would expect
By Virginia Price
I made most of the snowflakes in this book. The instructions are reasonably clear, but there are a few I had to adjust. the results are quite pretty if you keep your chains tight.

9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Great book for snowflake crochet lovers
By HoleyFiber
I tremendously enjoy working different pattern from this book! I've made 18 different snowflakes so far - with so many wonderful patterns it is very easy to get carried away. All the pattern are relatively simple (no more than 4 rows) and well-explained. The only thing that may need some improvement is photos - black and white and small. However, they work well enough as guides.

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Sabtu, 27 Juni 2015

>> Ebook Enemies Within: Inside the NYPD's Secret Spying Unit and bin Laden's Final Plot Against America, by Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman

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Enemies Within: Inside the NYPD's Secret Spying Unit and bin Laden's Final Plot Against America, by Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman

Two Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists take an unbridled look into one of the most sensitive post-9/11 national security investigations—a breathtaking race to stop a second devastating terrorist attack on American soil.

In Enemies Within, Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman “reveal how New York really works” (James Risen, author of State of War) and lay bare the complex and often contradictory state of counterterrorism and intelligence in America through the pursuit of Najibullah Zazi, a terrorist bomber who trained under one of bin Laden’s most trusted deputies. Zazi and his co-conspirators represented America’s greatest fear: a terrorist cell operating inside America.

This real-life spy story—uncovered in previously unpublished secret NYPD documents and interviews with intelligence sources—shows that while many of our counterterrorism programs are more invasive than ever, they are often counterproductive at best.

After 9/11, New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly initiated an audacious plan for the Big Apple: dispatch a vast network of plainclothes officers and paid informants—called “rakers” and “mosque crawlers”—into Muslim neighborhoods to infiltrate religious communities and eavesdrop on college campuses. Police amassed data on innocent people, often for their religious and political beliefs. But when it mattered most, these strategies failed to identify the most imminent threats.

In Enemies Within, Appuzo and Goldman tackle the tough questions about the measures that we take to protect ourselves from real and perceived threats. They take you inside America’s sprawling counterterrorism machine while it operates at full throttle. They reveal what works, what doesn’t, and what Americans have unknowingly given up. “Did the Snowden leaks trouble you? You ain’t seen nothing yet” (Dan Bigman, Forbes editor).

  • Sales Rank: #322785 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-09-03
  • Released on: 2013-09-03
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review
"Apuzzo and Goldman are the new Woodward and Bernstein." (Spencer Ackerman, national security editor, The Guardian )

"Two of America's best reporters pull back the curtain to reveal how New York really works. In the process, they also raise troubling questions about the price that America has paid, particularly in its moral standing, in prosecuting the war on terror. They ask the hardest question of them all. They ask Americans to look in the mirror." (James Risen, author of State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration )

"The authors use their investigative know-how like skilled surgeons, utilizing their scalpel to expose a malignant growth in the heart of the NYPD." (Frank Serpico )

"Enemies Within combines the quick-paced storytelling of a mystery novel with the intellectual altitude of intelligence experts. It offers insights into the methods that work the best against would-be terrorists, as well as those that are not only a waste of money and time, but abuse the nature of our democracy. A great, informative read." (Dana Priest, investigative reporter, The Washington Post, and author of Top Secret America: The Rise of the Nation )

"Despite all the hype around NSA's secret Prism surveillance program, Apuzzo and Goldman show how the Zazi case really got made. This book is both a thriller and a hard-hitting expose of the NYPD Intel unit set up after 9/11. While the American people have shown some willingness to give up privacy for the hope of greater security, the reader can be the judge of whether the shocking excesses of this unit are justified by its results." (Vicki Divoll, former general counsel of the Senate Intelligence Committee and former assistant general counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency )

"Like too many stories about the post-9/11 fight against terrorism, this is a tale in which American boldness, cunning, and ingenuity are frequently undermined by American arrogance, recklessness, and narrow-mindedness. Apuzzo and Goldman’s revelatory investigation casts a troubling light on the NYPD and reverberates far beyond New York City, exposing the risks of waging an ill-defined 'war on terror.'" (Justin Vogt, senior editor, Foreign Affairs )

"Enemies Within is a deeply reported and well written account of the NYPD's aggressive efforts to monitor the Muslim-American community and the most threatening al-Qaeda plot since 9/11--the plot to bomb the New York City subway system in 2009--a plot that NYPD's surveillance efforts did not detect." (Peter Bergen author of Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for Bin Laden, from 9/11 to Abbottabad)

“A deep, jaw-dropping dive . . . No book better sums up the state of post-9/11 fear.” (National Journal)

“Two tales tell us a great deal—not all of it flattering—about the ways in which law
enforcement has kept the city safe. . . . Assiduous reporting.” (The Wall Street Journal)

"A fascinating new book." (The Economist)

“If you're a citizen, you need to read Enemies Within . . . . The authors have a story worthy of a thriller. The book is peopled with spies, terrorists and decorated war heroes. . . . Apuzzo and Goldman have sounded an alarm.” (Associated Press)

“While Apuzzo and Goldman show their veteran reportorial skills in exposing the details of the NYPD’s surveillance program, they also expertly craft the drama of the unfolding terrorist plot and the race by government agencies to foil it. . . . A fast-paced, informative investigation into the ever-messy arena of privacy versus security.” (Kirkus Reviews)

"It is no stretch to say that the season's most anticipated book of investigative journalism is Enemies Within" (The Atlantic Wire)

Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman chronicle how the quest for safety led to something far darker....Did the Snowden leaks trouble you? You ain't seen nothing yet. (Dan Bigman, business news managing editor Forbes)

About the Author
MATT APUZZO and ADAM GOLDMAN are investigative reporters for the Associated Press in Washington, D.C. They shared in the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for a series on the New York Police Department's clandestine spying program targeting American Muslims. Together, Apuzzo and Goldman have uncovered the location of a CIA prison, revealed widespread cheating on FBI exams, and showed how the CIA's haphazard disciplinary system resulted in promotions for officers who kidnapped and killed the wrong people. They have shared the Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting, a George Polk Award, the Paul Tobenkin Memorial Award, and the Edgar A. Poe Award from the White House Correspondents' Association. Apuzzo has covered organized crime, corruption, and law enforcement in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Washington. Goldman has covered crime and government for newspapers in Virginia and Alabama. He reported from Las Vegas and New York for the AP.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Enemies Within PROLOGUE
AURORA, COLORADO

Sunday, September 6, 2009

The bomber handled the chemicals carefully, just as they’d taught him. No need to rush anything and blow off his hand, or worse. A few years earlier, a curious college student in Texas had tried the same thing in his kitchen. A 911 dispatcher listened to him die howling, begging for help as flames engulfed his body.

Mix hydrogen peroxide and acetone, and nothing happens. The chemicals swirl around next to each other. In the presence of acid, though, they form the basis for a powerful explosion. The bomber’s acid of choice was muriatic acid, which he bought at a Lowe’s. Muriatic acid is used to treat swimming pools and clean concrete. But when it’s poured slowly into a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetone, clumps of white crystals appear. It looks like sugar, but it is as explosive as it is unstable.

The bomber used the Homestead Studio Suites kitchenette as his lab. He’d tried working in his aunt’s garage, but when she saw all the chemicals, she and her husband got suspicious and made him pour them down the drain. Nobody would bother him here. Unable to pay their rent, many residents had recently been kicked out of their apartments. Cats slept in windows. Children played in the parking lot alongside cars packed with furniture and clothes.

Forty dollars cash for a night in room 207. The bedspread was rough, and only the whir of the refrigerator drowned out the pulse of the highway. But he was not there to rest. He chose the motel because of its kitchen. It was a simple setup: builder-grade cabinets, a dingy white laminate countertop, and, most importantly, a stainless-steel, two-burner electric stove.

He had everything he needed. For weeks he’d been visiting beauty supply stores, filling his carts with hydrogen peroxide and nail polish remover. At the Beauty Supply Warehouse, among the rows of wigs, braids, and extensions, the manager knew him as Jerry. He said his girlfriend owned hair salons. There was no reason to doubt him.

On pharmacy shelves, in the little brown plastic bottles, hydrogen peroxide is a disinfectant, a sting-free way to clean scrapes. Beauty salons use a more concentrated version to bleach hair or activate hair dyes. At even higher concentrations, it burns the skin. It is not flammable on its own, but when it reacts with other chemicals, it quickly releases oxygen, creating an environment ripe for explosions. At its highest concentrations, hydrogen peroxide can be rocket fuel. Even with a cheap stove, it’s easy to simmer water out of hydrogen peroxide, leaving behind something more potent. It takes time, and he had plenty of that.

He added the muriatic acid and watched as the chemicals crystallized. The crystals are known as triacetone triperoxide, or TATP. A spark, electrical current, even a bit of friction can set off an explosion. If there’s too much acid, or the balance of acetone and hydrogen peroxide isn’t quite right, the reaction will speed out of control and trigger a chemical blast.

This was the moment when things often went wrong in basement laboratories, but he had done this before. A year earlier, he made his first batch under the watchful eye of his mentor. Then, a week ago, he made a practice sample in this same hotel. He took the finished product to an out-of-the-way spot, ignited it with a strand of Christmas tree lights and a battery, and watched it explode.

The white crystal compound had been popular among Palestinian terrorists. It was cheap and powerful, but its instability earned it the nickname “Mother of Satan.” Once, an amateur bomb maker in the Mojave Desert had walked under a stretch of power lines. The electrical charge in the air was enough to detonate his TATP blasting caps and send paramedics rushing to his aid. Now most professional terrorists preferred to use it in only the smallest of quantities as the detonator for a bigger bomb. Even the average suicide bomber didn’t want to carry around large amounts.

The volatile reaction was precisely the reason that all but the tiniest containers of liquids were banned on airplanes. A terrorist who boarded with a large shampoo bottle full of the right chemicals could conceivably create TATP in midair. It was unlikely, but the US government concluded that it was too risky to chance. One tablespoon of crystals was enough to blow through a cinder block. One cup could rip open the hull of an airplane.

The young bomber wanted to cook up two pounds.

When he was done mixing, he rinsed the crystals with baking soda and water to make his creation more stable. He placed the finished product in a wide-rimmed glass jar about the size of a coffee tin and inspected his work. There would be enough for three detonators. Three detonators inside three backpacks filled with a flammable mixture and ball bearings—the same type of weapon that left 52 dead in London in 2005.

There was more work to be done. He had to finish the main charge, a mixture of flour and cooking oil. Concealed in a backpack and ignited by the TATP, these household ingredients would create a massive dust explosion and fireball. That could come later. The hardest part was complete.

He was ready for New York.

Most helpful customer reviews

31 of 34 people found the following review helpful.
A must-read
By Snake
There does seem to be a lot of confusion, especially among conservatives, about this book and about the NYPD program it details. I have read this book, and the series of articles the AP ran last year that inspired it. "Enemies Within" lays out the details of the NYPD Demographics Unit, which places informants within the city's Muslim communities - the logic being, members of the Muslim community perpetrated the 9-11 attacks, so we should know what is going on those communities, and what if any radical plots are being formed. Fair enough.

It also outlines the program through a scary terrorist plot many of us have probably forgotten about: a attack plan by a radicalized Afghan-American in Queens, NY who built a powerful home made bomb and was in process of planting it in NYC's subway system when he was caught.

Does the book draw some conclusions about the Demographics program? Yes, it does. It points out that despite the unprecedented level of surveillance on the bomber's neighborhood, mosque, Imam, and the travel agency he used to find and train with Al-Queda in Pakistan, the Demo unit missed him. Good, old-fashioned police work nabbed him. There is also no evidence that any plot was thwarted in the last 12 years by the unit. And there is no evidence of any real plot that was uncovered by it either. There is a Latin phrase that many conservatives seem to think applies here - "Post hoc ergo propter hoc", "After this, therefore because of this". It seems because there was no terrorist attack while this unit operated MUST mean, to some, that the unit is responsible for preventing one. (The Mets haven't won the World Series since 9-11, either. Coincidence?)

The book also raises many of the same questions the recently-reveled NSA spying programs do: how much level of spying should we tolerate in the name of security? Should police need warrants to gather intelligence on citizens and institutions where there is no evidence of a crime, or even evidence of a conspiracy to commit a crime? If your're not a Muslim living in NYC maybe it doesn't seem a big deal. If the local police were taking down your license plate in your church parking lot, or Little League field, and filing away your opinions on the political issues of the day in a file about you and your neighbors, you might feel differently.

Reasonable minds can disagree about where to draw the line. This book's conclusion is simply that the time to debate the location of that line is now. It also provides the first chance of oversight of the mini-CIA that the NYPD assembled. Before the authors' work, citizens of NYC didn't know it existed. Neither did most elected officials in the city, State, or the US Congress.

To this reader, more transparency in government is better than less. At the very least, "Enemies Within" sheds some sunlight on what our cops our doing in our name, with our money. At it's best, this book is a true page-turner; the investigation into the Queens bomber is a real clock-is-ticking thriller. The book is meticulously sourced, with many members of the unit, from the NYPD to former CIA men, going on the record to voice their concerns about the program - it's ethical implications and its questionable effectiveness.

Read the book before forming your opinions on the program.

19 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Great Reading and Meticulous Research
By NYCReader
This was a great read start to finish. The subway plot grabs your attention and hooks you in like a real life episode of 24. Meanwhile, the stories of the inter-agency rivalries and egos are as compelling as any moder-day drama. But the amazing thing is all of these stories are true! Apuzzo and Goldman went out of their way to back up all of their allegations and anecdotes with internal NYPD documents and on-the-record statements from federal agents and NYPD officers who lived these events. It's a must read for anyone who has an interest in the debate over national security and the freedoms the NYPD abridged to keep us "safe." It's also a great look into the inner workings of our first lines of defense against terrorists.

12 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Thorough Thriller
By Amazon Customer
Great read. This book balances solid reporting and great storytelling. By following the story of one would-be terrorist, the authors shine a light on the complexities of the war on terror. They bring ivory tower discussions to street level. One caution: make sure you start this book on Friday. You wont be able to put it down.

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Senin, 22 Juni 2015

> PDF Ebook Schriften zur Theater- und Kulturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts (Summa Summarum) (German Edition), by Reinhart Meyer

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Schriften zur Theater- und Kulturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts (Summa Summarum) (German Edition), by Reinhart Meyer

"Bibliographien und Repertorien sind nicht nur Titellisten. Sie liefern Grundlagenmaterial für eine empirisch arbeitende Literarhistorie und Theaterwissenschaft; sie liefern den Rahmen und sichern Vergleichs- und Bezugsmöglichkeiten von Einzeldaten zwar vorerst nur im quantitativen Bereich, aus dem sich aber Folgerungen in qualitativer Hinsicht entwickeln lassen, wenn sie systematisch ausgewertet werden."
(Reinhart Meyer)

Im Kontext seiner epochalen bibliographischen Forschungen zur Theaterproduktion des 18. Jahrhunderts hat Reinhart Meyer zahlreiche Studien publiziert, in denen er Wege zur Interpretation der von ihm erschlossenen Quellen aufzeigt. Diese auf breit angelegten Recherchen basierenden und mitunter durchaus polemisch formulierten Texte reichen von quantitativen Analysen bis hin zu sozialgeschichtlichen Studien. Hinterfragt werden darin für das 18. Jahrhundert etwa die Definition des deutschen Theaters als deutschsprachig, die Sinnhaftigkeit einer Verwendung der Bezeichnung Nationaltheater, oder die Tauglichkeit von 'Aufklärung' als Epochenbegriff. Ein weiteres Anliegen Meyers ist die Gegenüberstellung des Theaterlebens in norddeutsch-protestantischen bzw. süddeutsch-katholischen Gegenden, wobei dem Jesuitentheater besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird. Und unversehens avanciert der italienisch schreibende Librettodichter Metastasio zu einem der meistgedruckten, -vertonten und -gespielten Autoren des 18. Jahrhunderts im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Zum Abschluss der Bibliographia Dramatica et Dramaticorum zieht das Don Juan Archiv Wien einen repräsentativen Querschnitt durch Reinhart Meyers Studien und eröffnet damit die Reihe Summa Summarum.

  • Published on: 2012-10-01
  • Released on: 2012-10-01
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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Minggu, 21 Juni 2015

!! Download Chemical Magic (Dover Books on Chemistry), by Leonard A. Ford

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Chemical Magic (Dover Books on Chemistry), by Leonard A. Ford

For many years, Leonard A. Ford, formerly Chairman of the Division of Science and Mathematics at Mankato State College, Minnesota, devised "chemical magic" shows for a series of college science fairs. In response to many requests, he compiled a volume of over 100 novel demonstrations from those shows. The book soon became one of the most widely used manuals in the field. Its tricks, mystifying and often spectacular, were designed not only to amuse and entertain an audience but to stimulate an interest in scientific principles.
Now, with this revised and enlarged republication of Dr. Ford's classic guide, students at both high school and college levels can learn to perform a wide variety of entertaining and educational chemical magic. Here is a dazzling array of stunts and demonstrations dealing with gas liberation, color changes, fires and combustion, smoke and vapors, polymerization, specific gravity, crystallization and precipitation, and many other chemical processes. Professor Ford provides clear and careful explanations for creating cold fire, a disappearing flame and dust explosions; dissolving a glass in water; turning water to milk and back again to water; producing mysterious balloons, heavy air, and magical eggs; and carrying out scores of other intriguing "tricks" with materials available in almost any school laboratory, supply house, or home. Training and experience in handling chemicals are required for the performance of these demonstrations. Dr. Ford outlines directions and safety precautions for each trick. In addition, he supplies helpful suggestions for a line of "patter" to use during performances.
Newly revised and updated by Professor E. Winston Grundmeier, this absorbing and unusual book will be welcomed by science educators at the high school and college levels as well as by sponsors of youth and church groups, service clubs, science fairs, and other organizations.

  • Sales Rank: #76980 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-09-19
  • Released on: 2012-09-19
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Most helpful customer reviews

54 of 56 people found the following review helpful.
A fascinating book of (almost) homebrew chemistry!
By Larry Sue (larry@choraegus.com)
Ford's "Chemical Magic" is a book which harkens from a past era when chemicals probably were more easily obtained than today. The reading is quick and fascinating, and his summaries of why things work are very nicely done.
The result of passing time is that some of the materials used in some experiments may be difficult or even impossible to procure. However, you shouldn't allow this to dissuade you from getting this book - the experiments you can perform will provide you quite a lot of enjoyment.
Caution, however, is in order: Some of the reagents used are corrosive, poisonous, or even explosive. I'd advise ensuring that an adult is present to supervise if you care to attempt those particular experiments!

44 of 47 people found the following review helpful.
from the good ole (less paranoid) days
By Andrew Purshottam
This book describes chemical experiments that give visible and
surprising results suitable for stage demonstrations. Presented as
recipes with short descriptions of of underlying mechanisms (usually).
What caught my eye was the number of classic demonstrations common in
older books but now largely dropped from children's texts as too
dangerous in ingredients required, or fumes and energy relesed.
Many of the recipes are about buring or blowing up things (Yeah! ;-)
* sugar cube treasted with conc H2SO4 black thing
* zinc based powder that emits green smoke when spat on
(thanks for teaching me this one Max ;-)
* colored fire powders
* flour cannon (did not mention that old quaker oats tin useful here.)
I am in favor of teaching children how to safely perform dangerous
science experiments, as this is the only way to learn to do such
things properly, (since many will do them regardless) and anyway the
kids would be up to more hazardous pursuits if the modest risks of the
laboaratory are denied. If today's young people do not learn how to
play with fire safely, where will we get tommorws homeland defense
technologists to fight our nations Fovever War against religous
fanatics?
However I would not encourage experimemnts involving the burning of
mercury compounds (see the blue fire formula) and the use of
carcinogenic, flamable or persistently toxic substances like CCl4 or
fluid mercury anywhere but in a proper fireproof ventilation hood.
The book does mark experiments involving toxic (like CCl4)
sponateously combustible (white phosphorous!) and powwerful oxidizing
agents (my fav: Potassium Clorate). Unfortunately the short length of
the text did not permit a more detailed discussion of precausions one
sould take with such materials, like eye protection, long fuses and
electrical igniter/detonators, and saftely practices like using very
small quantities of reagents the first time, not permitting murcury to
spill in places it could release fumes over time or form amalgams with
other metals and never premixing oxidizers with combustables unless
one knows the combination is relatively stable in the environment in
which the mixture will be stored.
I reccomend this book as an antidote the boring...
libability concious [material] present in most high school texts, but
would also require students doing these experimentr to read some
detailed laboratory procedures text, and practice these techinuqwes in
a laboratory under experinced supervision. The most valuable lesson
then obtained is the attitude of cautious adventurousness that helps many
of us to have a joyful time in the lab while still retaining all ten
fingers.

21 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Ford's Chemical Magic: When Science Was Fun
By Stephen Carpenter
This is truly a great and extremely fun book, especially for the curious kid or adult who wants to do exciting stuff with chemicals and glassware. I did every experiment in this book as a kid, some dozens of times, but recommend adult supervision for some of the experiments. In today's dummied down, Lawyer stiffled society it's nice to know that there are actually still books around that have experiments that are as fun as they are politically incorrect. All kids should be exposed to the fun of making fireworks, playing with mineral acids and white phosphorus, oxidizers, and burning metals if they can find the materials and if they have appropriate supervision. It's the real way to become introduced to non watered-down chemistry; this book has the really FUN experiments that will, unlike almost all of the prevailing experimemts in the prevailing contemporary books, keep kids from thinking that science is a complete bore. (Tri ess Sciences in Glendale, CA sells a lot of these reagents to adults). This is a book from an exciting past era, long gone now, where there was a lot of real freedom to really experiment and learn in an environment free of hyper-legal and trumped up anti chemical sentiment. Get it and you'll see, but be careful with white phosphorus solutions of carbon disulfide. When the boring books on chemistry are replaced by great books like this, people will return to science. Have fun.

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Torn between his passion for two women and his abiding attachment to his mother, young Paul Morel struggles with his desire to please everyone ― particularly himself. Lawrence's highly autobiographical novel unfolds against the backdrop of his native Nottinghamshire coal fields, amidst a working-class family dominated by a brutish father and a loving but overbearing mother. Lushly descriptive passages range from celebrations of natural beauty and sensual pleasures to searing indictments of the social blight engendered by industrialism. Essential reading for any study of 20th-century literature. Unabridged reprint of the classic 1913 edition.

  • Sales Rank: #1355804 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-06-22
  • Released on: 2012-06-22
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
David Ellis is the author of Lawrence's Non-Fiction: Art, Thought and Genre and Wordsworth, Freud and the Spots of Time. He has been commissioned to write Volume HI of the New Cambridge biography of Lawrence.

Most helpful customer reviews

90 of 97 people found the following review helpful.
A Classic
By Tom Munro
Sons and Lovers is a book that has been set for years in school for children to read. Somehow doing this usually means that most people emerge with a hatred of it but Lawrence's book is of such quality that it is able to survive.
It is about a woman who marries a coal miner someone who is below her class. While he is young there is some joy in her life but as she grows older the class differences create a wall between them. She lives for her two male children who she tried to keep out of the mines and to ensure that they can live middle class lives. As she grows older the children become more important to her. The death of the oldest means that she suffocates the younger son with a love that affects his normal development.
The story is told through the eyes of the younger son. There is little question that the novel is autobiographical and based on the early life of Lawrence. His life is almost identical to the events portrayed in the novel.
Lawrence was a prolific novelist and short story reader but this work is probably his most accessible. His later novels tended to be more about peoples relationships but without the social content.
Nowadays the class issues have receded a bit into the background. At the time of its publication the book would have been seen as revealing the divisions that operated in Britain. Most critics tend to focus on the relationship of Lawrence and his mother as the primary focus of the novel. To some extent this is true but the book is much more. It is a portrait of a society thankfully now gone. It is the portrait of a young man being propelled by his mother to escape his fathers destiny. Unlike Lawrence's other books which have tended to date this book is easy to read and still a classic.

37 of 40 people found the following review helpful.
Emotional violation of a child
By A Customer
The story is brilliant. It is about how a woman (the mother, Gertrude) takes her son (Paul) as her lover instead of choosing her husband. She did not have the will to love the husband, and instead turned that will on a child. The title is not "Fathers and Lovers" or "Husbands and Lovers." The father is capable of being loved, but in Gertrude's mind, she is too good for the husband. Therefore, she turns her lover's heart towards a child ("Sons and Lovers"). In modern psychobabble, Gertrude doesn't recognize boundaries. The child is defenseless to the emotional power which penetrates him. He is absorbed and becomes one with the mother's heart and goals. It is similar to molestation but instead of a physical penetration, there is an emotional penetration. When the boy starts to grow up and should, rightly, begin to become whole with a woman, he is not free to take that step. His sexuality drives him towards an appropriate lover, and seemingly makes him appear available, but his emotional heart cannot take another woman into himself. There is already a lover who has penetrated his heart (i.e. his mother). For a man to be complete in love, he has to be able to enter a woman physically at the same time he takes her into himself emotionally. Paul can't allow another woman in emotionally because his mother is already there. Hence, even though he is able to enter a woman physically, the whole experience is deeply unsatisfying to both Paul and all the women in his life. The mother is not really satisfied because she can't have her lover completely (i.e. physically and as her life's mate), and the other women in Paul's life (with whom he could have a physical relationship) are left unsatisfied because he wills not to take them into himself emotionally, and thereby deprives these women of the experience of wholeness which accompanies surrender in love. Hence, the women he should be able to complete himself with (i.e. those with whom he can complete the physical act), he eventually wears out. They give up because he is not available. His heart belongs to another. E.g. Claire goes back to her husband even though Claire's husband is less refined, because Claire would rather have all of a working man, than only part of an artist. There are scads of women today who are throwing themselves at this inpenetrable wall of the mother's inappropriate molestation of her son's emotions, not really understanding why and how to work with it. Lawrence sheds insight into that process. The cure is to exchange the will to love the mother for the will to love the lover. Go for it!

49 of 55 people found the following review helpful.
A Complex Examination of Dysfunction
By D. Mikels
Emotional manipulation and possessiveness are at the core of this most intriguing novel. D.H. Lawrence's SONS AND LOVERS greets the reader with the author's elegant prose while systematically immersing the story in a swirling cloud of tangled dysfunction.
Married to a drunken, rowdy coal miner in early 20th Century England, Gertrude Morel has neither a life nor a true love. Her only chance for happiness--as she sees it--is to live vicariously through her sons: first William, then Paul. Her subsequent possessiveness, her relentless interference in their lives, is smothering and destructive. When William dies, Gertrude devotes all of her attention--her manipulation--to Paul. Her son becomes a symbolic soulmate. . .lover. . .and Gertrude is unable to let him go to pursue his own relationships.
Torn between his love for his mother and his guilt whenever he harbors feelings of affection for another woman, Paul is anything but a suitable suitor. He falls in love with Miriam, but his emotional dysfunction all but dooms the relationship--a relationship constantly sabotaged by his mother. Needing a physical outlet, he has a brief affair with a married woman, Clara Dawes, but even then, his love for and devotion to his mother prevails. As his mother's health fails, Paul's existence becomes even more problematic, culminating in a transcendent death.
SONS AND LOVERS is not a "feel good" read, and Paul's inability to break free from the psychological bondage with his mother is frustrating and sometimes exasperating. Yet the true victim of this Lawrence classic is not Paul, but Miriam, who only wishes to love, and be loved in return. The man she has fallen in love with is incapable of such devotion: the tragic complexity of the story lingers long after this book has been put down.
--D. Mikels

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Sabtu, 20 Juni 2015

! Ebook Free Five Comic One-Act Plays (Dover Thrift Editions), by Anton Chekhov

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Five Comic One-Act Plays (Dover Thrift Editions), by Anton Chekhov

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Five Comic One-Act Plays (Dover Thrift Editions), by Anton Chekhov

One of the foremost dramatists of the 19th century, Russian author Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) created a body of work noted for its realistic dialogue and keen insights into human relationships. This collection of five one-act plays — in the celebrated Constance Garnett translations — shows Chekhov at his witty best.
The Anniversary takes a lively look behind the frenetic scenes at a bank: a man overburdened with errands from friends and family gives a nearly maddened but ludicrous account of his chores and obligations in An Unwilling Martyr; and The Wedding depicts scenes from a wedding reception in which the mother of the bride assumes affected airs and deals with quarrelsome guests. In The Bear, a virtuous, spirited widow is pressed to repay a debt and ends up receiving an offer of marriage. The Proposal depicts the trauma of a would-be suitor who winds up in a wrangle over property.
Theater lovers, students of drama and literature, and other readers, as well as amateur and professional groups performing these popular works, will welcome this convenient, inexpensive collection of comic gems by one of the masters of modern drama.

  • Sales Rank: #790141 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-08-02
  • Released on: 2012-08-02
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Language Notes
Text: English (translation)
Original Language: Russian

About the Author
Next to Shakespeare, Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) is the most popular playwright in the English-speaking world. The Russian physician also wrote a series of remarkable short stories, in which he pioneered the stream-of-consciousness narrative technique.

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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Great Translation of Chekhov Short Classics
By Steve Cleberg
When we think of Chekhov classics our mind turns to such-full length masterpieces as "The Seagull," "The Cherry Orchard," and "Uncle Vanya." Dover Thrift presents five classic Chekhov shorts including the perennial favorites "The Proposal" and "The Bear" in very accessible translations. The other short plays "The Anniversary," "The Unwilling Martyr" and "The Wedding" receive equal clarity. While Chekhov considered all of his plays "comedies," these short sketches of early Russian life demonstrate Chekhov's nearly vaudevillian skills as well as his keen sense of observation.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
necessary reading
By Farid Bozorgmehr
Not the best one acts but a very good study for young and new playwrights. Recommended for small stages anywhere

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Chekhov's Plays at the level of Shakespear's
By Joseph M Jacoby
The wonderful confusion of conversations between the characters, the lack of listening to each other; an yet beautiful elevated lines of each characters desires to be and to have. These one act plays have been overlooked and they are a compliment to Chekhov's three act masterpieces such as The Three Sisters.

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Jumat, 19 Juni 2015

! Free PDF Honor Harrington: Die Ehre der Königin: Bd. 2 (German Edition), by David Weber

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Honor Harrington: Die Ehre der Königin: Bd. 2 (German Edition), by David Weber

Der Planet Grayson spielt eine Schlüsselrolle im Konflikt zwischen Manticore und der Volksrepublik Haven. Das Außenministerium Ihrer Majestät der Königin übersieht jedoch eine "unbedeutende kulturelle Besonderheit", als es Honor Harrington beauftragt, auf Grayson für Ruhe und Ordnung zu sorgen: Dort besitzen Frauen weder Recht noch Stand; die bloße Anwesenheit Honors ist ein unerträglicher Affront.

Jede andere Frau hätte sehr viel früher aufgegeben, doch dann startet Graysons Nachbarplanet eine Attacke und Honor muss bleiben, nicht nur um ihre Ehre zu verteidigen, sondern auch die ihrer Königin...

  • Sales Rank: #2854938 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-11-16
  • Released on: 2012-11-16
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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Minggu, 14 Juni 2015

? Download PDF One and Only: The Freedom of Having an Only Child, and the Joy of Being One, by Lauren Sandler

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One and Only: The Freedom of Having an Only Child, and the Joy of Being One, by Lauren Sandler

A funny, tough-minded case for being and having an only child, debunking the myths about only children and taking glory in the pleasures of singletons: “A swift and absorbing read…may change your mind and the national conversation” (Psychology Today).

Journalist Lauren Sandler is an only child and the mother of one. After investigating what only children are really like and whether stopping at one child is an answer to reconciling motherhood and modernity, she learned a lot about herself—and a lot about our culture’s assumptions. In this heartfelt work, Sandler legitimizes a discussion about the larger societal costs of having more than one, which Jessica Grose in her review in The New Republic calls, “the vital part of the conversation that’s not being discussed in the chatter” surrounding parenting.

Between the recession, the stresses of modern life, and the ecological dangers ahead, there are increasing pressures on parents to think seriously about singletons. Sandler considers the unique ways that singletons thrive, and why so many of their families are happier. One and Only examines these ideas, including what the rise of the single-child family means for our economies, our environment, and our freedom, leaving the reader “informed and sympathetic,” writes Nora Krug in the Washington Post.

Through this journey, “Sandler delves deeply, thoughtfully, and often humorously into history, culture, politics, religion, race, economics, and of course, scientific research” writes Lori Gottlieb, The New York Times Book Review. “I couldn’t put it down,” says Randi Hutter Epstein in the Huffington Post. Sandler “isn’t proselytizing, she’s just stating it like it is. Seductively honest.” At the end, Sandler has quite possibly cracked the code of happiness, demonstrating that having just one may be the way to resolve our countless struggles with adulthood in the modern age.

  • Sales Rank: #127269 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-06-11
  • Released on: 2013-06-11
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review
“[Sandler] delves deeply, thoughtfully, and often humorously into history, culture, politics, religion, race, economics, and of course, scientific research… Will she or won’t she have another? The beauty of her in-depth exploration is that the larger questions she poses make this one seem beside the point.” (Lori Gottlieb, The New York Times Book Review )

“There is a welcome strain of argument undergirding this well-researched and lively book: Looking out for your own happiness is not inconsistent with being a good mother. This is a vital part of the conversation that’s not being discussed in the chatter surrounding middle-class parenting.” (Jessica Grose, The New Republic )

“Sandler delivers a work of fierce reporting, tender storytelling, and clear-eyed cultural analysis.” (Susan Cain, author of Quiet )

“Lauren Sandler’s book is eloquent, articulate, persuasive, and whip-smart. But its greatest virtue may be its restraint. This is, thank goodness, no faddish argument for only children. One and Only is something much wiser and much, much more important. It’s a plea to disregard our facile (and demonstrably incorrect) stereotypes about family size and accept a universal truth: one size does not fit all.” (Daniel Smith, New York Times bestselling author of Monkey Mind )

“Sandler’s thought-provoking—and often surprising—analysis will fascinate anyone interested in how family circumstances shape our lives.” (Gretchen Rubin, New York Times bestselling author of The Happiness Project )

“Sandler powerfully debunks generations of myths about the loneliness, selfishness, and general neuroticism of only children. Her book is a must-read both for adult only children and parents of ‘just’ one—and an eye-opener for anyone interested in a fresh look at the meaning of connectedness.” (Judith Warner, New York Times bestselling author of Perfect Madness )

“Sandler weaves a gripping tale of motherhood and modernity, bypassing the mommy wars to expose the wider conditions in which parenting choices are made. She’s one of the most cogent commentators on feminism and family there is.” (Deborah Siegel, PhD, coeditor of Only Child )

“This book, like everything Lauren Sandler writes, is lush and riveting. Only children or people who have only children will find comfort in these pages, and parents generally should read it to understand their own choices.” (Alissa Quart, author of Hothouse Kids )

“[T]he author’s argument dispels stereotypes of ‘onlies’ and raises provocative questions about the American tendency toward prioritizing and even elevating parenthood over relationships, individuality, social networks and other aspects of adulthood, sometimes to the detriment of the family. Recommended as an alternative perspective on an often emotionally fraught discussion.” (Kirkus Reviews)

“[A] thoughtful, well-reasoned book… Sandler writes movingly.” (Boston Globe)

“Sandler makes her case with zeal…. [She] certainly has a dramatic touch with language, and in her book she adduces a prodigious amount of reporting, data and research…. [T]he the data Sandler cite speak convincingly to the proposition that only children, at the very least, should not be negatively stereotyped.” (Washington Post)

“With wit, warmth, and keen intelligence, Sandler skewers the myths about only children and their parents. If you’re tired of all the foolish generalizations, buy several copies of this book and hand them out at the playground!” (Liza Featherstone, author of Selling Women Short )

“Onlies, parents of onlies, and readers still on the fence will find the book illuminating and affirming.” (Publishers Weekly )

About the Author
Lauren Sandler has written on cultural politics, religion, and inequality for Time, The Atlantic, Slate, and The New York Times. She lives in Brooklyn, New York.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
One and Only INTRODUCTION IT’S NOT WHAT YOU THINK
This is not a memoir, but to conform to what’s expected of an only child, let me start with myself.

My mother was deeply devoted to raising me. To have a happy kid, she figured she needed to be a happy mother, and to be a happy mother, she needed to be a happy person. To do that, she had to preserve her authentic self, which she could not imagine doing with a second child.

“It was all about me,” she freely admits to me one night, in a way that simultaneously makes my chest swell with pride (feminism!) and my shoulders contract with a cringe (selfishness!). My parents are in Brooklyn for a weekend visit. It’s getting close to midnight, and my mother and I are in our nightgowns, tucked under the covers of the sleep couch. My husband, Justin, and my dad are nursing their beers, feet propped up on the foot of the bed.

“When you were three,” she goes on, “I thought I was pregnant. I stayed up all night making a pros and cons list. By morning, it was clear to me I couldn’t have another kid.” She easily recites the “con” litany: she could continue her career uninterrupted, stay in the apartment she loved instead of trading urbanity for a suburban existence, maintain a certain level of independence, and worry less about money.

I interrupt her to ask about the “pro” list. I have no idea what she’s going to say. She’s never so much as suggested that there would be a competing list. Instead of replying, she continues, “I just would have had to be a totally different person with another kid. My life would have utterly changed. Luckily, it turned out I wasn’t pregnant.”

“I get that, Mom. I do. But what about the other list?” She’s silent. My father studies the label on his beer bottle. “Dad, what did you want?” I ask.

My father looks up at me. “I so loved parenting; I always wanted the experience to be varied, to go on,” he says quietly. A vocal strain belies his next words: “But you know me. I’m not a regretful person.” He looks back down at his bottle. “What can I say,” he says. “The years passed. It became the choice. Here we are.” He grins at me. “Where we are isn’t half bad, I might add. It just took me some time to get used to the idea.”

It takes us all some time to get used to the idea. As only children, we have to get used to lacking something that the majority of people have for better or for worse. As parents who choose to stop at one, we have to get used to the nagging feeling that we are choosing for our own children something they can never undo. We’re deciding not to know two kids splashing in the bubble bath, playing in the pile of raked leaves, whispering under the cover of darkness, teasing each other at the dinner table, holding hands at our funerals.

Everyone seems to think they know who we are, both singletons and parents of singletons. We are the selfish ones. I must be doubly so, as an only child myself, and the mother of one. Who else but an only child would have the sense of self-importance to write about being one, much less suggest that other people consider it for themselves? But after investigating the whole matter, let me offer this spoiler: I don’t buy it.

•  •  •

Lonely. Selfish. Maladjusted. These are the words that Toni Falbo, the leading researcher in the small field of only child studies, uses to explain our image of only children. Falbo lists these characteristics so often, they tend to run together as a single word: lonelyselfishmaladjusted.

Why did this idea take hold? The academic basis of the miserable singleton specimen was the work of one man, who famously lectured, “Being an only child is a disease in itself.” Granville Stanley Hall was a leader of the late-nineteenth-century child-study movement and had a national network of study groups called Hall Clubs that spread his teachings. Not a bad way to disseminate his 1896 study, “Of Peculiar and Exceptional Children,” which described only children as permanent misfits. Never mind that Hall also openly fetishized his own agrarian, big-brood upbringing and disdained the smaller-family urbanity that was creeping into a rapidly industrializing country. Just consider that Hall—and every other fledgling psychologist—knew close to nothing about credible research practices.

Yet for decades, academics and advice columnists alike spread his conclusion that an only child could not develop the same capacity for adjustment as children with siblings. “Over-privileged, asocial, royally autonomous . . . self-centered, aloof and overly intellectual,” is the culturally perceived “unchallengeable given” of the only child, as sociologist Judith Blake wrote in her 1989 book Family Size and Achievement, which attempted to scientifically dismantle aspects of the stereotype. Later generations of scholars tried to correct the record, but their findings never filtered into popular parenting discourse. The “peculiar” only child had permeated pop culture, from oddball sidekicks in eighties sitcoms to demon children in horror films. Hellion only children are legendary on screen: The Shining, The Exorcist, Friday the Thirteenth, and The Butcher Boy are all films that rely on a seriously psychotic singleton (yes, even Psycho) to terrorize their innocent costars.

It’s not just fright-fests that traffic in typecasting only children. Name a genre, and there’s a list of characters to give the stereotype narrative heft and form: Tom Ripley, Veruca Salt, Eric Cartman. Even superheroes fit the stereotype, misfit loners incapable of truly connecting with citizens of the real world, suspicious in their overintelligence, often fighting against their privilege. Batman, Superman, Spider-Man, Iron Man—only children all. But this troubled image projected onto the popular consciousness can be complicated by the real-life heroism of some singletons whose ability to connect with others was central to their own superpowers: you might not know it, but Mahatma Gandhi was an only child too.

•  •  •

Around the time my mother stayed awake on the couch with her pros and cons list, she met with the administrators of my nursery school to convince them to extend hours until six o’clock in the evening, to accommodate the needs of working parents. The next morning a squadron of mothers cornered her at the door to the school. Wearing pajamas under their trench coats, they allowed her to drop me off before moving in for the attack. “We’ve been waiting for you,” they said. They were fundamentally opposed to her suggestion of an extended day. “We wanted to tell you our children are our only priority.”

During an interview with British psychologist Bernice Sorensen, who wrote a book called The Only-Child Experience & Adulthood, I mention that my mother chose to stop at one and I am considering the same for my family. Her response is to snap, “So, your mother is a narcissist, and you’re one too if you make that choice, and you will probably ensure the same future for your daughter. Isn’t that what you’re telling me?” Let’s just say she’s one singleton who didn’t enjoy the experience.

The majority of parents say they have second children for the sake of their first child, or at least that’s what they’ve told Gallup pollsters for decades. But it’s hard to imagine anything that can be reduced to a simple survey question, much less an issue that layers notions of family, happiness, responsibility, legacy—life and death itself, when you think about it. Still, we all know that there’s truth in this response: first children tend to be a choice parents make to fulfill their own lives and a second child tends to be a choice parents make to fulfill the life of their existing child.

Some people believe that a family with one child isn’t really a family, although I defy anyone to strictly define familial normalcy today. Kids are increasingly—and happily—raised by same-sex parents (in fact, recent studies suggest that lesbian mothers are the best parents of all). Divorce is as common as not. In vitro fertilization has pushed the possible age of conception into the midforties. Siblings are almost as likely stepbrothers and stepsisters as they are the children of their own biological parents.

Such developments in the way we define a family produce questions about how to define an only child. Statisticians tend to use the rule that if you spent your first seven years raised as the sole child in a household, you count as one. But I’ve met plenty of people who consider themselves onlies because they felt estranged from stepsiblings, and others who would never think of themselves as singletons, despite an age gap of a dozen-odd years, because of how close they are to a brother or sister. These definitions are murky at best. Some only-child experiences and tendencies will apply to some situations (e.g., the seven-year rule works well when understanding selfishness or achievement), and not to others (e.g., even if your sister was in college when you were born, confronting the death of a parent would be radically different without her). It’s erroneous to think there is such a thing as “normal”—much less that we should aspire to such a concept.

And still, one of America’s most successful exports has been the cultural assertion that joyful families are big families: from Meet Me in St. Louis to the Cheaper by the Dozen remakes, the Partridges to the Duggars. One young woman in China, who was raised in a rural village populated by a generation of only children, tells me she never knew what a “normal” family looked like until the Chinese television authority permitted reruns of Growing Pains when she was in middle school. “The Seaver family was the first ‘real family’ I had ever seen,” she says, admitting a crush on Kirk Cameron and excitedly telling me that the actor who played Ben Seaver married a gal from Shanghai. “They seemed so happy together—why wouldn’t I want that?”

“Nobody wants that—that’s not what people imagine for their lives,” says sociologist Philip Morgan at the Carolina Population Center when I ask him to discuss the rising number of only children. In surveys that ask young women how many children they’d like to have, ultimately and ideally, no one says they’d choose to stop at one child, he tells me. To me, that’s like asking a tween girl what her perfect wedding looks like. My childhood fantasy was to get married on an island in Boston’s Public Garden in a dress my grandmother would take me shopping for in Paris, with a swing band and guests encircling me and my groom in floating Swan Boats. Instead, my grandmother was confined to a nursing ward, I wore a two-hundred-dollar off-the-rack dress, we got hitched at my parents’ house and danced to a six-hour mix we made that blew out my dad’s speakers. My grandmother’s absence aside, it was grand. We envision one thing; we live with another. Our ideals change in concert with our emerging realities—even more so if, as we develop, we opt to interrogate what we thought we wanted, and why we thought we wanted it.

Here are some things I want: I want to do meaningful work. I want to travel. I want to eat in restaurants and drink in bars. I want to go to movies and concerts. I want to read novels. I want to marinate in solitude. I want to have friendships that regularly sustain and exhilarate me. I want a romantic relationship that involves daily communication beyond interrogatives and imperatives—I want to be known. And I want to snuggle with my daughter for as long as she’ll let me, being as present in her life as I can while giving her all the space she needs to discover life on her own terms. I want full participation: in the world, in my family, in my friendships, and in my own actualization.

In other words, to have a happy kid, I figure I need to be a happy mother, and to be a happy mother, I need to be a happy person. Like my mother, I feel that I need to make choices within the limits of reality—which means considering work, finances, pleasure—and at the moment I can’t imagine how I could possibly do that with another kid. Someone once asked Alice Walker if women (well, woman artists) should have children. She replied, “They should have children—assuming this is of interest to them—but only one.” Why? “Because with one you can move,” she said. “With more than one, you’re a sitting duck.”

Still, I agonize every time I see my daughter doting on a friend’s baby, just as my own heart has a tendency to devour itself whole when I take a new tiny person in my arms, inhaling its sweetness, nuzzling that soft neck, thrilling to every smile and coo. When my daughter was born, after all my anxiety about how I’d never changed a diaper, all my avowing that I prefer living things who can verbally communicate, all my certainty that bonding would be an infinite process, and all my fear that I would never again live life on my own terms—well, I held my girl, just moments old, and I simply knew what to do. My confidence and capability stunned me. Justin’s too—though I always knew he was up to the task. And yet when I try to imagine doing it again, I feel even greater doubt than I did the first time.

There are plenty of parents who deeply want more than one child and are willing to make profound compromises to have the family they want. These are not people beset with ambivalence or fear that they will forever damage their first child by not offering it the gift of a sibling. These are parents who know what they’re in for and know what sacrifices they’re willing to make for it. The last thing we need is another person telling women what they should or should not do with their fallopian tubes, their finances, and their futures. I’m not here to preach the Gospel of the Only Child.

What I’m saying is this: when we obsess about which stroller to buy, or whether to go with cloth or paper diapers, or whether organic produce is a must, or whether Mozart or Mingus will make our babies brilliant, or if we’ve overscheduled or underscheduled or overfed or underfed or overvaccinated or undervaccinated our kids, yet we fail to consider whether we should actually be having another child, it’s time to change the conversation.

We ask when people are having kids—never a kid, never one child at a time, which is how it usually happens. If a kid has no siblings, it’s assumed that there’s a hush-hush reason for it: that parents don’t like parenthood (because they are selfish), or they care about their status—work, money, materialism—more than their kid (because they are selfish), or they waited too long (because they are selfish).

Over the past century, adulthood has come to promise more than just duty, but pleasure. We search for a partner who will satisfy our desires, develop a career that reflects our strengths, build a life that suits not just our needs, but our wants. Despite the fact that it’s no longer possible to have a middle-class life on one income—and often not even on two—we envision a liberated existence, one of satisfaction and fulfillment, a life built upon intentionality and individualism rather than obligation and role filling. This liberated adulthood exists at odds with parenting.

It doesn’t take forced population control to raise the number of a country’s only children—the relative incompatibility of motherhood and modernity has taken care of that. Germany, Austria, Spain, Italy, Japan, and Korea all have fertility rates of less than 1.4 per woman, about half the number of kids women in those countries were having in the seventies. While family policy that helps to manage the collision between work and parenthood—and particularly motherhood—is nearly nonexistent in the United States, governments elsewhere have recently inserted themselves into the business of families. This is mainly to address the fact that so many people have decided the cost of children isn’t worth it.

In the early sixties, Europe represented almost thirteen percent of the world’s population. About a century later, those numbers are projected to drop to about five percent. Women have consciously refused parenthood in favor of education, careers, and a greater degree of freedom, or have delayed their fertility until biology made the choice for them. In this depopulation “crisis,” as the European Union has defined it, public support has become indispensable to make the sacrifices required of parents more manageable, and thus more palatable. In the more secular regions of the United States, our fertility looks like Europe’s, but you’d never know by looking at our national averages.

That’s because so many Americans commit to a family-values ethic that lionizes maternal sacrifice and exalts large households. Back when the mandate “to be fruitful and multiply” was first intoned, it had a purpose. The more you bred, the more likely your family line would survive—crucial wisdom in the days of high infant and child mortality. A biological imperative became a religious one, imposed by spiritual leaders and faith communities. If you comb the World Value Survey, you’ll find religiosity and family size go hand in hand. Because of the very relationship between faith and fertility, a wide stripe of thinkers, be they demographers, anthropologists, or evolutionary psychologists, believe the religious will inherit the earth. They believe parents like myself who deeply value an extra-familial identity will simply be outbred over time by the fruitfully conservative.

In the United States, the recession has dramatically reshaped people’s childbearing intentions. This happens during all financial meltdowns: the Great Depression saw single-child families spike at nearly thirty percent of all families, and that was back when onlies were still considered an anomaly. But today it seems more extreme than ever because of the price individuals pay to attain a place in our shrinking middle class. A Guttmacher Institute survey recently found that two-thirds of Americans feel they can’t afford to have a baby in the current economy. No wonder: our total student loan debt alone—of $1 trillion—is forcing people to delay having their first child or preventing them from considering a second one. Some demographers estimate that nationwide single-child families might surge to Manhattan rates of more than thirty percent. But that doesn’t mean anyone feels good about it.

As desires and identities evolve, we continue to deify old myths instead of creating new ones. We delay childbirth in our classrooms and boardrooms, working and wishing, dating and dishing. Our bodies get older. Our lives get crazier. Our dreams expand instead of contract. By the time we’re ready to admit that we’ll never be ready, it’s tougher to conceive. And even if it’s not, it’s tough to conceive of doing it again. This is the story of most people in the developed world: we’re in a fertility panic. But there’s a different, if related, panic that governments and grandparents alike ignore. It’s the terror of raising an only child.

•  •  •

We all know that stereotypes must be based on some reality, even if they reflect a warped and expanded version of the truth. But in considering the components of a lonelyselfishmaladjusted identity, only children are not who you’d expect. I’ll unpack the myth at length, but here’s a teaser. On loneliness: as kids, we’re usually fine. As adolescents, we’re often disempowered and isolated. As adults, we face the logistical and existential nightmare of our parents’ aging and death alone. But the good news is we develop the strongest primary relationships with ourselves. On selfishness: as long as we go to school, we’re plenty socialized to play well with others. On maladjustment: we’re fine. Overall, we’re pretty fantastic.

What the stereotype largely ignores are two areas where we tend to separate from the pack. The first is achievement. Simply, we tend to succeed at significantly higher rates than people raised with siblings, whether it’s at school or in our professional endeavors. Solitary pursuits like reading train our focus and curiosity, and the verbally rich environment of life among adults accelerates our learning. Secondly, everything in a family without siblings is amplified. That means that the dynamics of our parents’ marriages—and divorces—and the way boundaries and needs are policed and expressed in our familial equations tend to have an augmented effect on us. Siblings provide diversity and distraction in a family. We have none of that. Instead, we have at times a ferocious intensity—for good and for bad. I found this common intensity conspicuously absent in the data, but unequivocally present in lived experience, threaded through my interviews, my biographical reading, and my own family. As one psychologist murmured quietly to me, “It’s a very powerful way to grow up.”

By demystifying the perceived problem of the only child, I want to legitimize a conversation about the larger societal costs of having more than one. It’s not just a question of who wins the culture wars, but also who pays for them. Who will support our elderly? Who will be our labor force? But there’s not just the economy to consider, there’s the environment. Isn’t it better for the planet to have fewer megaconsuming SUV drivers and airplane passengers addicted to air conditioning and cheeseburgers?

Yet nobody has more babies to boost the economy, nor do most people stop at one to save the planet. No other decision is as personal. And yet so many of us are beholden to social and cultural pressure, to the threat of stereotypes. If parents no longer felt they had to have second children to keep from royally screwing up their first, would the majority of them still do it? What if those of us who don’t otherwise feel compelled to have more kids opted instead for greater autonomy and self-fulfillment? If the literature tells us—in hundreds of studies, over decades of research—that my kid isn’t better off with a sibling, and it’s not something I can truly say I want for myself, then who is this choice serving?

When our internal desires clash with accepted wisdom, it’s incumbent upon us to wonder why. I believe that when we interrogate our assumptions, we find they’re usually coming from the culture, which needs us to behave. We need to be more assertive in questioning why exactly we believe our children need siblings. Because if I’m going to choose to have another one, while billions of other people do the same, I should be able to know the reason.

And if it’s not because I want to—I mean, really want to—have another child, there’s a body of supposed knowledge I need to start questioning. For myself. For my daughter. And for the world I brought her into. Instead of making a choice to enlarge our families based on stereotypes or cultural pressure, we can instead make that most profound choice our most purely independent one. It might even feel like something people rarely associate with parenting: it might feel like freedom.

Most helpful customer reviews

158 of 160 people found the following review helpful.
Wonderful read about only children
By Becky Sue
The following quote sums up this book nicely for me:

"Children are a desire, not a calculation. Which is why I believe that if you truly desire more than one child, you'll make it work. People always have. And if you don't, well, there's a big stack of numbers on your side. If we're going to be rational about it, surely the economic verdict suggests we should stop at one."

As another reviewer stated (and also in my own experience), this topic can be controversial, and Sandler doesn't pretend to be objective. Rather she takes a side on the issue, arguing that one child is better for her, better for her child, and better for the environment. Personally, for now, I agree with her. I don't believe that Sandler is trying to dictate that everyone should have one child (based on the quote above), rather I believe she is making a very direct argument to refute the stereotype of only children as lonely, selfish, and maladjusted.

I also would have preferred Sandler to write the book more along the lines of "only children are just as good as those with siblings", but I can understand why she didn't. It feels like the stereotype of only children is so entrenched that to prove only children are just as ok as those with siblings, you almost have to prove they are better. Similar to how women in traditional male-dominated careers have often had to be better than men to simply receive the same recognition and advancements.

I have had firsthand experience with the ingrained stereotype of only children, from strangers and friends alike. When a friendly stranger asked if I plan to have another child and I said no, she literally told me 3-4 times I would change my mind, I wouldn't want to do that to my child. I also have had people I like and respect imply that to raise my only child not to be selfish; I would simply have to be a better parent than 90% of other parents of only children. While it was meant as a compliment to my parenting skills, it's heartbreaking to have someone I trust suggest that (1) I have put my child at a disadvantage right off the bat and (2) I will have to work harder than everyone else to fix that disadvantage.

And that exact heartbreaking feeling is why I can also understand other reviewers' vehement criticisms of Sandler's work, because she directly argues only children are better. None of us like to think that we aren't giving our children the best in every way. As parents of only children, we cringe when others imply we are supposedly "selfishly" withholding the absolute best thing we can do for our child by not providing them a sibling. I can only assume that parents of multiple children cringe when Sandler points out that quantifiable, documented, research has shown time and time again that only children benefit from their parents undivided time and financial resources by scoring higher (albeit only slightly significantly) in areas of achievement, motivation, and personal adjustment. Thus it is likely that this book will continue to either receive high praise or deep scorn from most reviewers.

My own personal take-away from this book, is that overall being an only child (or a parent of one) is no better or worse than being in a family with siblings. Each has their own set of challenges, and their own benefits. It is really none of my business to judge anyone else's family size, and I know I have changed my reaction to larger families as my sensitivity has grown. I found this book deeply reassuring as a parent of an only child, and I can only hope my review will raise awareness among those in larger families that only children are just as great as everyone else.

*ARC provided by the author for an honest review.

74 of 74 people found the following review helpful.
Have kids if you want them, not because they need each other
By David Z. Moss
This book could not have come at a better time for me. I'm a 43-year old Brooklyn yuppie with one 2.5 year old son and it is getting to be time to fish or cut bait on having a second kid. In discussions with my wife on this question I've articulated a notion that the decision should be based on whether it will make our lives better, not whether it will make our son's life better. I figure that while his life will certainly be different if he has a sibling, it will not necessarily be better or worse and thus the decision should be made from our perspective, not his.

Sandler basically proves this correct. By taking us through the data, Sandler reveals that singletons lead perfectly good lives (on average) and any notions to the contrary are stereotypes. Indeed, if anything the data would indicate that they may even be better off than kids with siblings.

So this does not solve my problem; Sandler cannot (and does not try) to tell me what is right for my life. I still need to decide whether having more kids would improve my life, and I admit to also thinking about the possible person who might not be if we decide to stop at one. But after reading this book I am totally confident that my existing son will be just fine either way and that I don't have to feel guilty if we don't provide him with a brother or sister.

18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Yes, you really can have just one.
By Amazon Customer
It took me several years to make a decision about my family size, and I enjoyed reading books like this one along the way. You get a lot of crap when you only have one, and it's easier to make the right decision when you have a chance to see actual data. Most people have kids without even thinking about why they're really doing it or why they're having as many as they do. It's a huge, life-changing decision every time you bring new life into the world! I don't understand *not* taking time to really think about it and question why you're doing it in the first place. I'm glad I paused long enough to question the status quo of "if you have one, you should have two." It's a lifestyle choice. Not so you can have a "tiny adult" or "be selfish" or whatever other nonsense people say. I have one, and I don't want to have more and split up our resources.

Also...women are told we can "do it all"... but that's a myth. Something has always gotta give. And it all gets more difficult with each additional child. Women are expected to sacrifice everything (like our careers or childhood dreams) when we start having children, then when our daughters grow up, they're expected to follow in our footsteps and basically do it all over again in order to be "good moms". What's the point of sacrificing so much to raise my daughter so she can "reach her full potential", just so she can give everything up in order to have whatever number of children society deems acceptable and continue the cycle of self-sacrifice? I'm not buying into this. I want to model a different way of living and for me that means doing what I love while also raising *one* child.

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